|
Domain 4.0 Networks This domain requires knowledge of network capabilities of
Windows and how to connect to networks on the client side, including what the
Internet is about, its capabilities, basic concepts relating to Internet access
and generic procedures for system setup. The scope of this topic is only what is
needed on the desktop side to connect to a network.
4.1 Identify
the networking capabilities of Windows including procedures for connecting to
the network.
Protocols
The following
protocols are included with Windows 98
-
TCP/IP
-
IPX/SPX
compatible>
-
NetBEUI
- 32-bit DLC
(The DLC protocol is primarily used for, accessing IBM mainframes, and
Printing to Hewlett-Packard printers connected directly to the network)
IPCONFIG.EXE
Command-line
utility that displays IP address and other configuration information.
WINIPCFG.EXE
The IP
Configuration utility Winipcfg is a troubleshooting utility that displays all
current TCP/IP network configuration values for any computer running Microsoft
TCP/IP. Network configuration values include the current IP address allocated to
the computer and other useful data about the TCP/IP allocation.
To run Winipcfg,
select Run from the Start menu, type winipcfg, and click OK.
The resulting
screen identifies your IP address and the IP address of your default gateway. If
you Click More info. It will tell you your IP address, subnet mask, and default
gateway for each of your network interfaces. It also shows your DNS and WINS
settings.
Sharing disk drives
To Share a over a network drive, print and file sharing must be enabled
- Right click my
computer
- Select
properties
- Click sharing
tab, and select shared as
Sharing print and file services
Windows 95/98
Requirements for
File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks
- You must use
Client for Microsoft Networks.
- File and
Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks cannot run at the same time as NCP-based
File and Printer Sharing for NetWare Networks.
- In order to
use user-level security, a Windows NT domain controller must be used for
authentication.
To install file
and printer sharing
- In Control
Panel, double-click the Network icon
- In the Select
Network Component Type dialog box, double-click Service, and then click Add.
- If you are
installing File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks, select File and
printer sharing for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK.
- If you are
installing File and Printer Sharing for NetWare Networks, select File and
printer sharing for NetWare Networks, and then click OK.
Network type and network card
Two Major
network Types
Peer to Peer
In a peer to peer
network also called Workgroups, there is no dedicated servers. All computers are
equal and therefore known as peers. Normally each computer functions as both a
client and a server. There are usually 10 or less computers on this type of
network.
Server Based
In a network with
more than 10 users a peer to peer network will probably not be adequate.
Therefore most networks have dedicated servers, which are not used as clients or
workstations.
Network Adapter
Card
A network adapter
(sometimes called a network interface card, or NIC) is a hardware card installed
in a computer so it can communicate on a network. The network adapter provides
one or more ports for the network cable to connect to, and it transmits and
receives data onto the network cable.
Every networked
computer must also have a network adapter driver, which controls the network
adapter. Each network adapter driver is configured to run with a certain type of
network adapter.
A networked
computer must also have one or more protocol drivers (sometimes called a
transport protocol or just a protocol). The protocol driver works between the
upper-level network software and the network adapter to package data to be sent
on the network.
In most cases,
for two computers to communicate on a network, they must use identical
protocols. Sometimes, a computer is configured to use multiple protocols. In
this case, two computers need only one protocol in common to communicate. For
example, a computer running File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks that
uses both NetBEUI and TCP/IP can communicate with computers using only NetBEUI
or only TCP/IP.
Windows 98 Setup
automatically configures a computer to use protocols and drivers to match
network components that are running when Setup is started.
Installing and Configuring browsers
- Install a
modem or a network adapter (if you have a direct network connection to the
Internet).
- You can use
the Internet Connection Wizard to help you sign up with an ISP if you need to
and configure your connection to the Internet. Or
- Make sure
TCP/IP and Dial-Up
Networking are installed, and make sure TCP/IP is bound to the Microsoft
Dial-Up adapter or a network adapter.
- Define a
Dial-Up Networking connection to an Internet Service Provider, and define IP
address information for each connection, or for your network adapter, if
required.
- Run the
preferred browser setup program
Configure OS for network connection
Windows 9x
Installing
Networking Components
You should not
add Plug and Play – compatible network adapters manually. Instead, you should
let Windows detect the network adapter. If the Select Device box prompts you to
select a network adapter, click the Have Disk button and type in the location of
your network adapter drivers.
To install a
driver for a legacy network adapter after Windows is installed
- In Control
Panel, double-click Add New Hardware, and then run the Add New Hardware
Wizard.
To install
networking components after Windows is installed
- In Control
Panel, double-click Network, and then click the Configuration tab.
- Click Add.
- In the Select
Network Component Type dialog box, double-click the type of component to
install.
- Client
software for the types of networks the computer is connected to.
- Adapter
Installs drivers for the network adapters in the computer.
-
Protocol
Installs
network protocols and sets related options.
- In the Select
dialog box, select the name of the component manufacturer and the name of the
specific component.
- Click OK.
Setting Computer
Names and Workgroups
Windows requires
that you define a workgroup and computer name for each networked computer,
independent of the type of networking software you use. You can also change the
computer name or workgroup after Setup is complete.
- In Control
Panel, double-click Network, and then click the Identification tab.
- Type the
values for the computer identification settings:
- Computer
name must be unique on the network. It can be up to 15 characters long, with
no blank spaces. The computer name can contain only alphanumeric characters,
as well as the following special characters: ! @ # $ % ^ & ( ) - _ ' { } . ~
- Workgroup
name does not need to be unique, but it uses the same naming conventions as
the computer name.
- Computer
Description
Windows 2000
To add a network
component
- Open Network
and Dial-up Connections.
- Right-click
the connection to which you want to add a network component, and then click
Properties. Do one of the following: If this is a local area connection, click
Install. If this is a dial-up, VPN, or incoming connection, on the Networking
tab, click Install.
- In the Select
Network Component Type dialog box, click either Client, Service, or Protocol,
and then click Add.
- Do one of the
following: If you do not have an installation disk for the component, click
the appropriate client, service, or protocol, and then click OK. If you have
an installation disk for the component, click the appropriate client, service,
or protocol, click Have Disk, insert the installation disk into the selected
drive, and then click OK.
4.2 Identify concepts and capabilities relating to the Internet and basic
procedures for setting up a system for Internet access.
Concepts and terminology
ISP
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are companies that offer Internet connectivity
to end customers. world. ISPs offer a range of services to end users, including:
- web browsing
- e-mail
- server space
for a web site
- Usenet news
group access
For dial-up Internet connections, most Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
automatically assign your computer a dynamic IP address.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A networking protocol that
allows computers to communicate across interconnected networks and the Internet.
Every computer on the Internet supports TCP/IP.
Microsoft TCP/IP provides the following benefits:
-
Support for Internet connectivity and the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
-
Connectivity across interconnected networks with different operating systems
and hardware platforms, including communication with many non-Microsoft
systems, such as Internet hosts, Apple Macintosh systems, IBM mainframes, UNIX
systems, and Open VMS systems.
-
Support for automatic TCP/IP configuration using Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) servers such as Windows NT servers.
-
Support for automatic IP-address-to-NetBIOS computer name resolution using
Windows NT Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) servers.
-
Support for Windows Sockets 1.1 and 2.0, which are used by many client/server
applications and many public-domain Internet tools.
-
Support for the NetBIOS interface, commonly known as NetBIOS over TCP/IP.
-
Support for many commonly used utilities, which are installed with the
protocol.
To install
TCP/IP
- In the Network
option in Control Panel, click Add on the Configuration tab.
- In the Select
Network Component Type dialog box, double-click Protocol.
- In the Select
Network Protocol dialog box, select Microsoft from the Manufacturers list. In
the Network Protocols list, click TCP/IP.
- Click OK.
IPX/SPX
Internetwork packet exchange / sequenced packet exchange
is a protocol stack used by Novell networks. IPX is the NetWare protocol for
packet forwarding and routing. SPX is connection oriented used to guarantee the
delivery of the data being sent.
NWlink is the microsoft implementation of the IPX/SPX
protocol.
Microsoft IPX/SPX-compatible Protocol
-
Works with Microsoft Client for NetWare Networks and Novell Client for Windows
95/98.
-
Supports packet-burst mode to offer improved network performance.
-
Supports the Windows Sockets, NetBIOS, and ECB programming interfaces.
-
Support for automatic detection of frame type, network address, and other
configuration settings.
-
Routable connectivity across all network bridges and routers configured for
IPX/SPX routing.
NetBEUI
NetBios extended user Interface. NetBEUI is used mostly on small, non routed
networks. It is limited to microsoft based networks.
PING.EXE
Verifies connections to a remote computer or computers. This command is
available only if the TCP/IP protocol has been installed.
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language which is used for writing pages
for the web.
HTTP://
Hypertext transport protocol is the method by which web pages are transferred
over the Internet.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol provides file transfers between
local and remote computers it is installed with the TCP/IP connectivity
utilities.
Domain Names (Web sites)
All Sites on the Internet have there own URL (Uniform Resource Locator), which
tells an Internet application, the location and what access method to use. For
example http://www.microsoft.com or ftp://ftp.microsoft.com, http:// and ftp://
are the access methods (protocols) and www.microsoft.com is the location.
Every computer on
the Internet has a IP address, which is a set of 4 numbers (198.46.6.56) because
these numbers would be hard to remember the domain name system is used, so
instead of typing the 4 sets of numbers you can simply type
http://www.microsoft.com where www.microsoft.com is the domain name. The last
three letters of the domain name is the domain type such as .com (commercial) .edu
(education) .gov (government) et.
Dial-up networking
Allows your computer to access a network or the Internet from a remote location.
You connect to an ISP by using Dial-Up Networking to dial in to their
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) or Serial Line IP (SLIP) servers, which are
connected directly to the Internet All SLIP accounts require you to manually
configure an IP address on your computer when you connect. Service providers who
support PPP usually assign an IP address automatically each time you dial in to
the service provider.
TRACERT.EXE
This utility determines the route taken to a network destination.
|
